Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2017 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 7 Articles
Purpose. To measure the concentrations of various cytokines in the aqueous humor from patients with different stages of\ndiabetic retinopathy. Methods. All selected cataract patients were categorized into 4 groups: the control group (patients\nwithout diabetes), nonretinopathy (NDR) group (diabetic patients without retinopathy), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy\n(NPDR) group, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group. The aqueous concentrations of interleukin- (IL-) 1�², IL-2,\nIL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-�³, tumor necrosis factor-�±, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from patients were\nmeasured using the cytometric bead array technique. Results. In this study, 10, 22, 15, and 14 patients were included in the\ncontrol, NDR, NPDR, and PDR groups, respectively. No difference was observed in the aqueous concentrations of all cytokines\nbetween the control group and the NDR group. By contrast, comparison of these groups revealed that the aqueous\nconcentrations of most inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in the PDR and NPDR groups. In addition, the\nconcentrations of IL-2, IL-5, and VEGF were higher in the PDR group than those in the NPDR group. Conclusions. Aqueous\nconcentrations of various cytokines increased with the severity of patientsâ�� diabetic retinopathy. This finding implies that these\ncytokines might play a role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy....
Background: To compare the lamina cribrosa between eyes with and without neovascular glaucoma (NVG) using\nenhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.\nMethods: Forty-six patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The\npatients were divided into two groups based on the absence or presence of NVG (the non-NVG group and the\nNVG group, respectively). The intraocular pressure (IOP), circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness,\nanterior lamina cribrosa depth (ALD), and laminar thickness (LT) were compared between the groups.\nResults: In the non-NVG group, the mean age was 66.2 �± 2.4 (mean �± standard error) years, mean maximum IOP\nwas 18.8 �± 1.8 mmHg, mean cpRNFL thickness was 91.2 �± 3.9 �¼m, mean ALD was 407.0 �± 22.9 �¼m, and mean LT\nwas 155.0 �± 4.7 �¼m. In the NVG group, the mean age was 61.4 �± 2.1 years, mean maximum IOP was 33.1 �± 1.\n6 mmHg, mean cpRNFL thickness was 73.6 �± 3.4 �¼m, mean ALD was 403.9 �± 20.1 �¼m, and mean LT was 156.9 �± 4.\n2 �¼m. The IOP was significantly higher and the cpRNFL was significantly thinner in the NVG group (P < 0.001 and\nP = 0.002, respectively). However, the age, ALD, and LT were not statistically different between the groups (P = 0.\n151, 0.919, and 0.757, respectively).\nConclusions: Although the cpRNFL was thinner, the structure of the lamina cribrosa was unchanged in the NVG\neyes. Axonal loss of the retinal ganglion cells in NVG patients was prior to lamina cribrosa deformation....
Purpose. To describe corneal endothelial characteristics, central corneal thickness, and intraocular pressure in a population\nof Chinese age-related cataract patients and to determine the effects of age, gender, hypertension, and body mass index\n(BMI). Methods. 1551 eyes were examined preoperatively. The parameters measured were endothelial cell density (CD),\naverage cell area (CA), coefficient of variation (CV), cell hexagonality (HEX), central corneal thickness (CCT), intraocular\npressure (IOP), and axial length (AL). Results. There were significant differences in CV and BMI between genders. There\nwas a significant decrease in CD, CCT, and IOP and, conversely, an increase in CA and BMI with increasing age. The\npatients who suffered from hypertension had bigger CA, less CD, and lower HEX than the patients who did not suffer\nfrom hypertension. CD has a negative correlation with age and CV and a positive correlation with CCT, CCT has a\npositive association with CD and IOP, and IOP had a negative relationship with age and a positive relationship with\nCCT, CA, and HEX. Conclusions. Normative data for the corneal endothelium, central corneal thickness, and intraocular\npressure in the normal age-related cataract patients are reported which will serve as a baseline for comparative studies\nabout cataract....
Objective: This study aims to describe the experience with diode laser cyclophotocoagulation\nin the control of intraocular pressure and resolution of pain\nin patients with refractory glaucoma. Methods: Retrospective study. 64 eyes of\n60 patients who underwent cyclophotocoagulation between January 2008 and\nMarch 2014. Evaluation of the pre- and post-operative intraocular pressure,\nthe control of ocular pain, the number of anti-glaucoma drugs used in preand\npost-intervention, the rate of complications and the success rate. Results:\nThere was an overall success rate of 81.3%, with 9 eyes needing a second intervention.\nThere was a mean reduction of 52.6% of the preoperative mean\nintraocular pressure of 41.25 to 19.56 mmHg at 12 months observation (p <\n0.001). There was also a statistically significant reduction in the number of anti-\nglaucoma drugs used from 3.19 to 2.01 per eye and the resolution of pain in\n75% of patients. Conclusions: cyclophotocoagulation is an effective procedure,\nwith an expected positive impact on quality of life of patients as a result from\nthe decreased number of anti-glaucoma drugs, sustained intraocular pressure\nreduction and resolution of pain....
Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Xen Gel Stent and provide a macro- and microscopic analyses of\nbleb morphology. Methods. A prospective 12-month study on patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Patients\nunderwent implantation of the XEN Gel Stent (Allergan INC, Dublin, Ireland) either alone or combined with a\ncataract surgery. Biomicroscopy, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and anterior segment-optical coherence\ntomography (AS-OCT) were used to assess bleb morphology. Safety parameters were adverse events, best corrected visual\nacuity, visual field, and corneal endothelial cell loss. A postoperative IOP � 18mmHg without or on medications was\nrespectively defined as complete and qualified success while an IOP � 18mmHg was defined as failure. Results. Twelve\neyes of 11 patients were evaluated. At one year, 5 out of 10 patients available achieved a complete success while five\nwere qualified success. AS-OCT showed that bleb wall reflectivity was significantly higher in the failure group; IVCM\nrevealed that stromal density was significantly lower in the success group. No safety issues were recorded. Conclusion.\nImplantation of the XEN Gel Stent appears to be a safe and effective procedure. AS-OCT and IVCM may be helpful in\nbleb assessment....
Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate and correlate between the levels of\nvascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum and aqueous humor in\ncases of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) to stand up on if it can be used as a\nmarker for early detection of such cases. Methods: This observational case\ncontrol study included 60 eyes, divided into 3 groups, group A of 30 eyes presented\nby cataract of different causes (not diabetic patients and no signs of\nNVG) as a control group and group B of 30 eyes with NVG due to different\ncauses, group C of the same eyes in group B but after one month of treatment\nby intravitreal bevacizumab and laser treatment by pan retinal photocoagulation\n(PRP). Serum VEGF was estimated in all groups, also aqueous humor\nVEGF was estimated in group A and B only. In addition glycosylated hemoglobin\n(HbA1c) was estimated in group B; statistical analysis of the results was\nperformed. Results: The study revealed that the commonest cause of NVG\nwas proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in 26 cases (86.7%), HbA1c in\ngroup B revealed mean value 7.68% �± 2.75%. Serum VEFG level in the group\nB of cases of NVG was significantly higher than the control group A (P <\n0.001), and moderate significantly lower than group C of treated NVG by\nintravitreal bevacizumab injection and PRP (P < 0.05). Also aqueous VEGF\nlevel in group B was increased significantly from control group A (P < 0.001).\nIn group B, the study reported a positive correlation between serum VEGF\n(S-VEGF) and aqueous humor VEGF (A-VEGF) levels (r = 0.638) with a high\nsignificant result (P < 0.001). Also, there was positive correlation between\nHbA1c and VEGF in serum (r = 0.409) with a moderate significant result (P <\n0.05) But there was no correlation between HbA1c and VEGF in aqueous\nhumor (r = 0.327) with an insignificant result (P > 0.05). Conclusions: VEGF\nis considered a good marker for the NVG either in serum or aqueous humor,\nlaser treatment and the use of anti-VEGF are crucial treatment for such cases, and also glycemic control is a must for regulation of the vascular process in\ndiabetic patients for prevention of such ocular neovascularization....
Purpose. To observe the relationship between topographic hemoglobin levels in the optic nerve head (ONH), the rim thickness\n(BMO-MRW), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. Methods. 96 normal eyes and 82 glaucomas were examined using\nTOP strategy (Octopus 300 perimeter), SPECTRALIS OCT, and Laguna ONhE program which estimates hemoglobin from\nconventional color photographs (Horus Scope DEC 200 fundus camera). Results. The correlation between Laguna ONhE\nglaucoma discriminant function (GDF) and SPECTRALIS BMO-MRW was R = 0 81 (P < 0 0001), similar to that between the\nBMO-MRW and BMO-RNFL thicknesses (R = 0 85, P < 0 0001) (P = 0 227 between both R values). GDF correlated well with\nRNFL thicknesses in the 360 degrees around the nerve, similar to mean perimetric sensitivity (MS) and BMO-MRW. The\namount of hemoglobin in the nasal and temporal sectors showed low correlation with superior and inferior RNFL thicknesses.\nThe superotemporal and inferotemporal sectors located on the vertical diameter of the disk showed good intercorrelation but\nwithout a clear RNFL topographic relationship. Conclusion. GDF showed high correlation with RNFL thickness. Except in the\nnasal and temporal sectors, ONH hemoglobin correlated well with RNFL thickness....
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